Arthroscopy is a method used as a diagnostic and surgical procedure to examine the inside of a joint. Through this procedure, it is easier for a surgeon to visualize, diagnose and treat the problem inside the joint. The word arthroscopy derives from two Greek words, “arthro” (joint) and “skopein” (to look). The term literally means “to look within the joint”.

In which parts of the body is arthroscopy performed?

It is technically possible to perform arthroscopy on almost every joint, however, the most commonly treated joints are the shoulder, elbow, knee, wrist, spinals, ankle, hip and foot.

What are the benefits with arthroscopy?

The obvious advantage of arthroscopy over traditional open surgery is that the joint does not have to be fully opened as an instrument called an arthroscope that is like a probe with attached camera is inserted through incisions in surgeries. This reduces the recovery time and increases the rate of surgical success since the connective tissues aren't affected as much.

What are the possible complications?

Although uncommon, complications sometimes do occur. The most common complications are infections, damage to blood vessels or nerves, excessive swelling and phlebitis (blood clots of a vein). These occurrences only happen to far less than 1 percent of all procedures.

How is the procedure performed?

The procedure is carried out with a small tube-like instrument called an arthroscope, which is inserted through a small incision. The instrument inserted contains a small lens and lighting system to magnify and illuminate the inside of the joint. Attached on the arthroscope is a miniature video camera, which records the inside of the joint. The surgeons can view the joint area on a television screen, which allows the surgeon to get a larger image and understanding of the problem. Arthroscopic surgery requires local, general or spinal anaesthesia, depending on the joint or suspected problem. The amount of surgery required and the total recover time depends on the complexity of the problem.

The recovery after surgery

The dressing around the operative area can usually be removed the day after surgery and exchanged in to adhesive strips to cover the healing incisions. Although the wounds are very small and the pain is usually minimal after surgery, it is important to remember that it takes several weeks until the joint is wholly recovered. Most patients go back to their daily activities within a few days or a week following surgery, but a rehabilitation program is usually suggested to make sure that the recovery period goes smooth.